Social interaction matters at sea

The hidden engine of maritime wellbeing and safety
By Dr Kate Pike

The global maritime workforce has always operated largely out of sight, yet its contribution underpins nearly every aspect of modern life. Around 95% of the goods we rely on daily, from food and fuel to electronics and clothing, are transported by sea. In recent years however, events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions affecting the Strait of Hormuz have brought unprecedented public attention to the lives of seafarers. These crises have not only disrupted global trade but have also revealed the human cost of sustaining global supply chains.

For seafarers, the challenges of these unstable times extend far beyond operational risks. Prolonged periods at sea, uncertainty over crew changes, and restricted shore leave have left many unable to return home to their families. In some cases, even access to adequate provisions and a sense of personal safety has been compromised. While these challenges have long been part of maritime life, recent global disruptions have intensified the strain on seafarers’ mental and emotional wellbeing.

Traditionally, the maritime industry has prioritised the technical demands of seafaring. Only more recently has attention turned to the equally vital role of social interaction. Research led by the International Seafarers’ Welfare and Assistance Network (ISWAN), through its Social Interaction Matters (SIM) Project Phase Three, represents a significant advancement in this change. By focusing on the lived experiences of seafarers, the project reveals that strong social connections at sea are not optional extras, but essential to both wellbeing and operational effectiveness.

The findings show that positive social interaction acts as a powerful protective factor. Seafarers who engage in shared activities, including celebrating milestones, participating in sports, or simply spending time together, report higher morale, reduced stress, and stronger team cohesion. These moments of connection provide a vital psychological break from demanding routines, helping crew members recharge and maintain a sense of community in what can otherwise be an isolating environment.

Challenges remain
However, the research also reveals persistent barriers including long working hours, fatigue, and constant operational demands which often limit opportunities for meaningful social engagement. Officers and crew on certain vessels, such as superyachts, are particularly impacted, frequently lacking both the time and energy to participate in social activities. Notably, even when rest periods are available, the quality of that downtime is not always sufficient to support genuine recovery. Limited privacy and the blurred boundaries between work and personal life can further restrict the ability to fully relax and connect with others.

The study also emphasises inequalities within the seafaring experience. Women and higher-ranking crew members are more likely to report emotional strain and reduced participation in social life on board. These disparities point to deeper cultural and structural challenges within the industry, indicating the need for more inclusive environments where all seafarers feel equally supported and able to engage.

Encouragingly, the SIM Project highlights practical solutions, including the use of onboard Social Ambassadors, who are trained individuals who actively facilitate social interaction and promote wellbeing among crew members. This initiative offers a scalable strategy for shipping companies who are seeking to strengthen crew morale and cohesion.

Additionally, for seafarers’ charities, these insights reinforce the importance of promoting overall wellbeing at sea. Social interaction should not be viewed as a luxury, but rather as a fundamental aspect of safe and sustainable maritime operations. By addressing operational pressures, promoting inclusivity, and supporting initiatives that foster connection, the industry can move toward a future where seafarers are not only productive, but also socially supported and emotionally resilient.

At a time when the world has gained a rare visibility into the realities of life at sea, there is a clear opportunity, and responsibility to act. Strengthening social bonds on board is not only about improving individual experiences; it is about protecting the people who sustain global trade every day.

Kate Pike is an associate professor emeritus at Solent University, Southampton. She is also director of Field-Research, a company specialising in maritime research, and was research lead for ISWAN’s SIM Project.

For the full SIM Report Phase Three, visit this link: www.iswan.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Social-Interaction-Matters-SIM-Report-Phase-Three.pdf